The recent reopening of Lisbon's Museu Calouste Gulbenkian after an extensive renovation has sparked a fascinating conversation about the preservation of mid-century modern aesthetics and the unique vision of its namesake collector. This article delves into the story behind the museum's rebirth and the intriguing insights it offers into the world of art, architecture, and cultural heritage.
A Return to Roots
The Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, named after the Armenian collector and tycoon, has undergone a significant transformation. With a focus on returning to its original 1969 state, the museum's renovation aims to recapture the essence of mid-century modern design. This ambitious project, prompted by the need for essential system upgrades, has breathed new life into the institution, offering a glimpse into the past while celebrating the present.
The Visionary Collector
Calouste Gulbenkian, born in Istanbul in 1869, was a man of immense wealth and an avid collector. His collection, comprising over 6,000 objects, showcases a diverse range of art and artifacts, from rare coins to Renaissance tapestries and Islamic tiles. Gulbenkian's vision extended beyond traditional boundaries, and his collection reflects a broad and eclectic taste. As Xavier Salomon, the museum's director, notes, Gulbenkian's approach was far more expansive than that of Henry Clay Frick, showcasing a unique perspective on art collecting.
A Philanthropic Legacy
Gulbenkian's philanthropic spirit lives on through the foundation that bears his name. Established posthumously in 1956, the foundation's assets now total around €3.5 billion. The foundation's headquarters in Lisbon, inaugurated in 1969, includes the museum dedicated to Gulbenkian's collections. The complex, designed by Portuguese architects, embodies a fusion of geography and chronology, with a restrained aesthetic that showcases the art within.
Dilution of Vision
Over time, the original vision of the museum's display began to fade. Repairs and evolving curatorial perspectives led to the disappearance of some showcases and the loss of intricate details, such as English silk linings. The once-open spaces and views were obscured, and the museum's Brutalist setting with Japanese influences became less apparent. This gradual dilution of the original design is a common challenge faced by museums, as practical considerations often take precedence over aesthetic integrity.
A Renewed Vision
The recent renovation, spearheaded by Xavier Salomon, aims to revive the museum's unique relationship between art, architecture, and nature. With anti-reflective glass and LED lighting, the museum presents an updated version of its 1969 display. Individual vitrines showcase Mamluk mosque lamps, and the giant zigzagging display case in the Asia galleries has been reimagined for practicality. The new lighting system recreates the amber glow of the 1960s while enhancing visibility. Additionally, a former study has been transformed into a numismatic cabinet, adding a new dimension to the museum's display.
Preserving the Past, Embracing the Present
The renovation of the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian is a delicate balance between preserving the past and embracing the present. While guided by photographs of the 1969 display, the renovation is not an exact replica. The addition of a numismatic cabinet and the relocation of the Assyrian winged-guardian relief demonstrate a thoughtful approach to updating the museum's display. The absence of multimedia screens, as per Salomon's preference, maintains the architectural purity of the space.
A Broader Perspective
The story of the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian's renovation offers a deeper insight into the challenges and opportunities faced by museums. The preservation of mid-century modern design is a delicate task, requiring a careful balance between functionality and aesthetic integrity. As museums evolve, it is essential to strike a harmonious balance between the past and the present, ensuring that the unique vision of collectors and architects is not lost but celebrated and adapted for future generations.
In my opinion, the renovation of the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian is a testament to the power of cultural heritage and the importance of preserving the past while embracing innovation. It is a fascinating case study in the ongoing dialogue between art, architecture, and the evolving nature of museum displays.
